Size-dependent growth of polymorphs in nanopores and Ostwald's step rule of stages

文献情報

出版日 2011-10-27

DOI 10.1039/C1CP22679G

インパクトファクター 3.676

著者

D. Enke, M. Steinhart

原文を見る

要旨

More than 100 years after Ostwald postulated his step rule of stages, predictive understanding as to early crystallization stages of polymorphic materials is still premature. We studied crystallization of the polymorphic pharmaceutical acetaminophen in nanoporous glasses as a model for early stages of bulk crystallization since the surface energy significantly contributes to the total Gibbs free energy of nanosized crystals in both cases. Systematic studies of transitions between different polymorphs inside nanoporous glasses show that the thermodynamic stability of the polymorphs depends on the crystal size. Accordingly, the transient occurrence of different polymorphs during crystal growth in bulk systems can be related to surface energy contributions to the total Gibbs free energy of the developing crystals. In nanosized early-stage crystals with high surface-to-volume ratios other polymorphs may be stable than in large crystals with low surface-to-volume ratios. Improved control of the crystallization of polymorphic materials by imposing well-defined confinement is a promising strategy to tailor release of polymorphic drugs and to optimize optical, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of polymorphic materials.

掲載誌

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

CiteScore: 5.5

自己引用率: 10.3%

年間論文数: 3036

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