Novel butane sulfonic acid-functionalized core–shell magnetic nanocatalysts for ultrasound-assisted coumarin synthesis

This study aimed to formulate and fabricate a novel magnetic core–shell nanocatalyst. A simple three-step procedure was used to synthesize Fe3O4@C@PrNH@BuSO3H NPs, which were then characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, FT-IR, VSM, and BET analyses. The synthesized nanocatalyst was identified with an average particle size of 80.30 nm and saturation magnetic values of 22.05 emu g−1. It was reused as an efficient and recyclable catalyst in coumarin synthesis under ultrasound and conventional conditions. It could be readily retrieved using an external magnet and utilized at least twelve times with good catalytic activity. Its simple production process, great stability, targeted catalytic performance, acceptable time, and environmentally friendly reaction conditions make it an admirable catalyst.