Bacterial outer membrane vesicle-modified metal–organic frameworks for sonodynamic therapy–immunotherapy of breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer seriously threatens the life health of women. Here, we develop a metal–organic framework based a nanoplatform for sonodynamic therapy–immunotherapy of breast cancer, loaded with the sonosensitizer chlorin e6 and modified bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Sonodynamic therapy not only produced reactive oxygen species to kill tumor cells directly, but also promoted anti-tumor immunity. More importantly, OMV modification improved tumor targeting and immune activation of the nanoplatform, and further increased dendritic cell maturation and T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. This novel therapeutic strategy led to a notable inhibitory effect on the development of breast cancer in mice.