A review on strategies addressing interface incompatibilities in inorganic all-solid-state lithium batteries

High flammability, susceptibility to unstable interfacial reactions and lithium dendrite growth make currently employed liquid electrolyte systems in lithium batteries prone to severe safety concerns. Replacing the liquid electrolytes by solid-state versions is believed to be the ultimate solution to address the safety issues. Many research efforts have been dedicated to find solid-state electrolytes with excellent ionic conductivity comparable to that of the liquid counterparts and tremendous success has been achieved, especially with ceramic sulfide-based and oxide-based solid-state electrolytes. However, another major constraint inhibiting the practical development of such solid-state batteries is the solid–solid interfaces. This review summarizes the notable approaches that have been implemented to address the interface incompatibilities of ceramic solid-state electrolytes with battery electrodes. The focus will be on interfaces of sulfide and oxide solid electrolytes with both cathodes and metallic lithium anodes.