Real-time monitoring of the deactivation of HZSM-5 during upgrading of pine pyrolysis vapors
文献情報
Calvin Mukarakate, Xiaodong Zhang, Alexander R. Stanton, David J. Robichaud, Peter N. Ciesielski, Kara Malhotra, Bryon S. Donohoe, Erica Gjersing, Robert J. Evans, David S. Heroux, Ryan Richards, Kristiina Iisa, Mark R. Nimlos
The conversion of pine pyrolysis vapors over fixed beds of HZSM-5 catalyst was studied as a function of deactivation of the catalyst, presumably by coking. Small laboratory reactors were used in this study in which the products were identified using a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In all of these experiments, real-time measurements of the products formed were conducted as the catalyst aged and deactivated during upgrading. The results from these experiments showed the following: (1) Fresh catalyst produces primarily aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins with no detectable oxygen-containing species. (2) After pyrolysis of roughly the same weight of biomass as weight of catalyst, oxygenated products begin to appear in the product stream. This suite of oxygen containing products appears different from the products formed when the catalyst is fresh and when the catalyst is completely deactivated. In particular, phenol and cresols are measured while upgrading pine, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis vapors, suggesting that these products are intermediates or side products formed during upgrading. (3) After the addition of more pyrolysis vapors, the product stream consists of primary vapors from pine pyrolysis. Catalyst samples collected at various points during deactivation were analyzed using a variety of tools. The results show that carbon build-up is correlated with catalyst deactivation, suggesting that deactivation is due to coking. Further, studies of nitrogen adsorption on the used catalyst suggest that coking initially occurs on the outside of the catalyst, leaving the micropores largely intact. From a practical point of view, it appears that based upon this study and others in the literature, the amount of oxygen in the upgraded products can be related to the level of deactivation of the HZSM-5 catalyst, which can be determined by how much pyrolysis vapor is run over the catalyst.
関連文献
Photoinduced electron transfer from quantum dots to TiO2: elucidating the involvement of excitonic and surface states
Saurabh Chauhan, David F. Watson
DOI: 10.1039/C6CP03813A
Flexible band gap tuning of hexagonal boron nitride sheets interconnected by acetylenic bonds
Hongyu Zhang, Youhua Luo, Xiaojuan Feng, Lixia Zhao, Meng Zhang
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP02346G
TEMPO-mediated oxidized winter melon-based carbonaceous aerogel as an ultralight 3D support for enhanced photodegradation of organic pollutants
Miao Miao, Gangling Wang, Shaomei Cao, Xin Feng, Jianhui Fang, Liyi Shi
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP04679C
Synthesis of barbituric acid containing nucleotides and their implications for the origin of primitive informational polymers
Chaitanya V. Mungi, Sachin Kumar Singh, Sudha Rajamani
DOI: 10.1039/C6CP00686H
Formation of a thermally stable bilayer of coadsorbed intact and deprotonated thymine exploiting the surface corrugation of rutile TiO2(110)
J. H. K. Pfisterer, P. S. Deimel, R. G. Acres, M. Fritton, P. Feulner, J. V. Barth, F. Allegretti
DOI: 10.1039/C6CP02541B
On the fractality of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm in equilibrium and non-equilibrium cases
Przemysław Borys, Zbigniew J. Grzywna
DOI: 10.1039/C6CP03356C
Theoretical study of the reactions of Criegee intermediates with ozone, alkylhydroperoxides, and carbon monoxide
L. Vereecken, W. J. Bloss
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP03862F
Acetylene as an essential building block for prebiotic formation of pyrimidine bases on Titan
Yassin A. Jeilani, Chelesa Fearce, Minh Tho Nguyen
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP03247D
Flexible Ag–C60 nano-biosensors based on surface plasmon coupled emission for clinical and forensic applications
Pradyumna Mulpur, Sairam Yadavilli, Praharsha Mulpur, Neeharika Kondiparthi, Venkataramaniah Kamisetti
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP04268B
π-Ring currents in doped coronenes with nitrogen and boron: diatropic–paratropic duality
Inmaculada García Cuesta, Barnaby Pownall, Stefano Pelloni, Alfredo M. Sánchez de Merás
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP03732H
こちらもおすすめ
4-アミノフェノール酸ナトリウム水和物とは何ですか?
4-アミノフェノール酸ナトリウム水和物は、CAS番号206557-08-6の化合物で、4-アミノフェノールとナトリウムが結合した塩と水和物です。この化合物は、白...
Methyl 3-methyl-N-{[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy]carbonyl}-L-histidinateの代替品はありますか?
この化合物は特定の合成プロセスに使用される可能性がありますが、代替品として、他の类似的な化合物、例えばMethyl 3-methyl-N-{[(2-methyl...
4-Boc-2-哌嗪甲酸の市場動向や研究トレンドはどうですか?
4-Boc-2-哌嗪甲酸は、薬品開発や合成化学分野で広く使用されており、その需要は継続的に推移しています。特に、新薬開発における合成化学分野での需要が高まってい...
4,4'-二羟甲基联苯の物理化学的性質は何ですか?
4,4'-二羟甲基联苯のCAS番号は1667-12-5です。この化合物は白色の結晶粉末で、分子量は154.20です。水にわずかに溶けますが、アルコールや有機溶媒...
5-甲硫基戊腈はどの業界で使用されていますか?
5-甲硫基戊腈は医薬品産業で使用される可能性があります。また、ポリマー合成の触媒として、センサー製造の一部として、半導体製造のプロセス改善に使用される可能性があ...
CAS番号1311961-50-8の化合物はどのように合成されますか?
この化合物は、1-abieta-8,11,13-trien-19-イルと6'-メトキシシンコナナン-9-基を含有する窒素含有化合物から合成されます。一般的な合成...
6-ブロモベンジジミダゾール-2-カルビルデオキシドはどのように保存すればよいですか?
6-ブロモベンジジミダゾール-2-カルビルデオキシドは、避光・乾燥した容器(密閉容器)で-20℃~4℃の低温で保存してください。高温や直射日光、湿気は避けてくだ...
Boc-N-甲基氨甲环酸とは何ですか?
621-65-8のCAS番号を持つBoc-N-甲基氨甲环酸は、化学式C7H13NO5を有する化合物です。この化合物は白色の結晶性粉末で、吸湿性があります。
乙基三氟硼酸钾はどのように合成されますか?
乙基三氟硼酸钾は、トリフLUオール酸カリウムとエチルブロミドを反応させて合成されます。この反応は高い選択性と収率を持ち、触媒を用いることで効率的に進行します。
2-フロウロ-5-クロロ-4-アミノフェノールはどのように保存すればよいですか?
2-フロウロ-5-クロロ-4-アミノフェノールは、直射日光を避けて冷却された暗所で保存し、密閉容器に保管してください。温度は常温か低温が適しています。
掲載誌
Green Chemistry

Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.














