The effect of thionation of the carbonyl group on the photophysics of compact spiro rhodamine-naphthalimide electron donor–acceptor dyads: intersystem crossing, charge separation, and electron spin dynamics
文献情報
Xiao Xiao, Tong Mu, Andrey A. Sukhanov, Yihang Zhou, Peiran Yu, Fabiao Yu, Ayhan Elmali, Jianzhang Zhao, Ahmet Karatay, Violeta K. Voronkova
Herein, a spiro rhodamine (Rho)-thionated naphthalimide (NIS) electron donor–acceptor orthogonal dyad (Rho-NIS) was prepared to study the formation of a long-lived charge separation (CS) state via the electron spin control approach. The transient absorption (TA) spectra of Rho-NIS indicated that the intersystem crossing (ISC) occurs within 7–42 ps to produce the 3NIS state via the spin orbit coupling ISC (SOC-ISC). The energy order of 3CS (2.01 eV in n-hexane, HEX) and 3LE states (1.68 eV in HEX) depended on the solvent polarity. The 3NIS state having n–π* character and a lifetime of 0.38 μs was observed for Rho-NIS in toluene (TOL). Alternatively, in acetonitrile (ACN), the long-lived 3CS state (0.21 μs) with a high CS state quantum yield (ΦCS, 97%) was produced with the 3NIS state as the precursor and the CS took 134 ps. On the contrary, in the case of the reference Rho-naphthalimide (NI) Rho-NI dyad without thionation of its carbonyl group, a long-lived CS state (0.94 μs) with a high energy level (ECS = 2.12 eV) was generated even in HEX with a lower ΦCS (49%). In the presence of an acid, the Rho unit in the Rho-NIS adopted an open form (Rho-o) and the 3NIS state was produced within 24–47 ps with the 1Rho-o state as the precursor. Subsequently, slow intramolecular triplet–triplet energy transfer (TTET, 0.11–0.60 μs) produced the 3Rho-o state (9.4–13.6 μs). According to the time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra of NIS-NH2, the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter |D| and E of the triplet state were determined to be 6165 MHz and −1233 MHz, respectively, indicating that its triplet state has significant nπ* character, which was supported by its short triplet state lifetime (6.1 μs).
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