A theoretical study of the hydrogen bond donor capability and co-operative effects in the hydrogen bond complexes of the diaza-aromatic betacarbolines

In this work, we present a quantum mechanical investigation on the hydrogen bond interactions of N9-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole, MBC, and N2-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole, BCA, with different hydrogen bond donors. Thus, it has been analysed the influence that the hydrogen bond donor strength and the co-operative effect of the increasing number of donor molecules have on the shape of the potential energy surfaces versus the N⋯H distances, rN–H. To rationalize the nature of the interactions, the Bader theory has been applied and the characteristics of the bond critical points analysed. The results show that two different hydrogen bond complexes can be formed depending on the donor capabilities or the number of donor molecules included in the calculations. The topological parameters from the Bader theory are used to justify the statement that the analysed interactions can be classified as weak or partially covalent hydrogen bond interactions, respectively. As experimentally observed, weak hydrogen bond donors form weak hydrogen bond complexes, called HBC. Upon the increase of the donor strength the N⋯H proton is shifted nearest to the nitrogen atom giving rise to the observation of a stronger hydrogen bond complex, the proton transfer complex, PTC. The most outstanding result of these studies is the fact that the formation of the PTC can also be managed just by changing the number of donor molecules, that is, by a co-operative effect of the hydrogen bonds.